Contents: Preface. 1. Electoral and party politics in India. 2. Gearing up to the 1996 polls and their conduct. 3. Candidate selection in 1996. 4. Election manifestos in 1996. 5. Electoral campaigns in 1996. 6. The mid- term polls 1998. 7. From elections to elections: 1998. 8. Mandate 1999: continuity with stability? 9. Party system and electoral reforms. Bibliography. Index. "India has generally been credited with maintaining the constitutional regime established since independence. In this successful political experiment, the procedural values of democracy, free and fair elections, judicial integrity and activism and paradigm-shifts in politics and the economy with a reasonable degree of consensus, stand out as major areas of relative achievements. "Elections have become particularly more frequent since 1989. There have been four Lok Sabha elections, three in rather quick succession. This is because of the transformation of the party system from one of Congress dominance to a multi-partisan system configuration reflecting the instability of minority and/or coalition governments and hung parliaments. "Elections in this phase have been both the cause and consequence of a paradigm-shift in Indian politics from a predominantly parliamentary tenor of politics to a more federalised regime within the overall parameters of what Ronald Watts has characterised as 'parliamentary federal systems'. Since 1989, a certain measure of proportionality of representation is evident under the plurality or first-past-the-post electoral system because of the increased

Contents Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Conservation of bioresources. 3. Conservation of bioresources Germplasm. 4. Forest types of India. 5. India's forest cover. 6. Natural resources conservation. 7. Biological diversity conservation. 8. Wildlife management for conservation. 9. Environmental law and its need for upgradation. 10. Conservation of orchids. 11. Biosphere programme and human being. 12. Declaration of national state animals and plants and its conservation. 13. Wildlife national action plan. 14. Indian wetland and management of waterfowl. 15. Conservation of hydrosphere and marine resources. 16. Ex situ conservation of wild fauna. 17. Bioresources conservation through genetic resources. 18. Biological approaches for conservation of plantation crops. 19. Biological approaches for conservation of spices. Appendices. References. Index. The present book is an attempt to make the people acquainted thoroughly with the knowledge of ecosystem and the factors concerned with the deterioration of the environment and its valued resources with the view to plan and manage the development programmes in such a way that exploitation of natural resources may not upset the balance of nature. For the major part of the terrestrial habitat the natural vegetation was forest. All the organisms sharing the habitat had a balanced but quite competitive adjustment along themselves. Indian region is a treasure of wild genetic resource. Wild species and relatives of crop plants contain valuable genes that are of immense genetic value in crop improvement programmes. It is intended to provide a full and cover all view of the Genepool conservation in the country. This book will be highly useful for understanding various aspects of bioresources and Genepool conservation in research and guide to students teachers and scientists in this field.

Contents Foreword. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Role of medicinal plants of forest origin in horo pathy. 3. Medicinal plants of forest origin in use under Ayurvedic system of medicine. 4. Role of forest species under Unani system of medicine. 5. Role of forest species in homoeopathic pharmacy. 6. Role of medicinal plants in medical astrology. 7. Indigenous forest species used in fertility control. 8. Role of indigenous plant in control of diabetes. 9. Rare and endangered medicinal plants species of India needing special attention for protection. 10. Potentialities of medicinal plant cultivation in India. 11. Medicinal plants their occurrence in India and parts of the plant used. 12. Dealers producers and exporters of crude drugs and aromatic plants in India. 13. Description of Indian medicinal plants. 14. Bibliography. 15. Index. In the modern medicine also plants occupy a very significant birth as a raw materials for some important drugs although synthetic drugs and antibiotics brought about a revolution in controlling different diseases. But these synthetic drugs are out of reach of millions of people. Those who live in remote places depends on traditional heaters whom they know and trust. Judicious use of medicinal herbs can even cure deadly disease that have long defined synthetic drugs the relationship between man and tree has existed since time immemorial. The usefulness of trees and their protection was emphasized in ancient literature like Puranas and the Bhagawat Gita. More than 200 medicinal plants are used in modern medicine. Plants used in traditional system of medicine of pharmaceutical houses in collected form wild sources. Most of the medicinal plants are cultivated commercially rowa days for extraction of some important active constituents for use in modern medicine.

Contents Vol. I Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Nursery technology. 3. Biofertilizers and biological pest control. 4. Organic farming an approach for sustainable herbi culture. 5. Medicinal herbs with their formulations. Vol. II 6. List of endangered medicinal plants. 7. Recommendations for sustainable management of medicinal plants. Glossary of medical terms. Bibliography. Index. This book on Medicinal Herbs has been compiled and written mainly for medical pharmaceutical and research scientists who are today or may in future to be concerned with the identity efficacy and safety of Indian medicinal plants as well as of other countries. This book describes and illustrates more than 500 species of the most important medicinal plants and provides information on their habitats and growing conditions. The author have tried to give as much as possible informations including the latest scientific findings. The toxicities of some medicinal plants and the need for their careful handling are emphasized throughout the book. All readers will find something of value and also this book may enkindle serious interest in therapeutic use and clinical research on medicinal plants. This book is not a uniform or systematic encyclopaedia of medicinal plants but what has been attempted here is to provide a focus on medicinal plants limiting the number of indications and formulations in a pragmatic manner to enlist a global interest in India's rich flora with a therapeutic potential of unprecedented magnitude. In this book by using the avenues of documented Ayurvedic experience and informed dialogue on modern data as well as traditional literature author want to emphasise that this work has historical and contemporary validity that will advance as the therapeutic use of the single plant and their formulation grows worldwide. Human history has shown that multiple options do exist for safeguarding health. To avoid any mistakes in identification any differences between the plants and other similar species have been highlighted.

Contents Introduction/M.P. Singh and Veena Kukreja. 1. Causes of democratic downslide in Pakistan/Mohammad Waseem. 2. Pakistan since the 1999 coup prospects of democracy/Veena Kukreja. 3. Pakistan Islamic ideology and the failed state/Saleem M.M. Qureshi. 4. Language power and ideology in Pakistan/Tariq Rahman. 5. Pakistan political economy of national security/Ayesha Siddiqa. 6. Pakistan's political economy misplaced priorities and economic uncertainties/Veena Kukreja. 7. Pakistan terrorism in historical perspective/Lawrence Ziring. 8. Prospects of South Asian Cooperation in the transformed world post 11 September/J.N. Dixit. 9. Reassessing Pakistan as a long term security threat/Satish Kumar. 10. Cross border terrorism roadblock to peace initiative/Rajen Harshe. 11. Peace process between India and Pakistan/M.P. Singh and Veena Kukreja. Index. More than half a century after it came into existence Pakistan remains a nation still in the making. This collection of essays takes a fresh look at the contentious themes of democracy development and security in Pakistan today. Arguing that the three are closely interlinked the editors posit that the political and economic experience of the past 58 years show that neither democracy nor capitalist development can survive without the other. Using a variety of Pakistani Indian and western sources the distinguished contributors examine the internal and external problems of Pakistan with an eye on the challenges that democracy has encountered in the country. This book discusses several important issues including The obstacles to democracy in Pakistan such as the October 1999 coup fundamentalist Islamic ideology and the uncertainties of the country's economy. The politics of language in Pakistan and the ethnic problems that have arisen because of the status of Urdu as a symbol of Pakistani identity and national integration. Terrorism in Pakistan which came to the fore following the soviet invasion of Afghanistan and Pakistan's active support of the Afghan resistance. The prospects of South Asian Cooperation in a post September 11 world. The future of Indo Pak relations including the long term security threat that Pakistan poses to India the ongoing peace process between India and Pakistan and the implications of cross border terrorism for the peace initiative. Comprehensive in its treatment of both domestic politics in Pakistan and Indo Pak relations and covering a large time span this volume will be welcomed by students and scholars of Pakistan and South Asian studies international relations comparative politics political sociology and economics.

Contents: Foreword. Preface. Introduction. 1. Plant biodiversity. 2. Phyto sociological region of India. 3. Phyto sociological region of the trans- Himalaya. 4. Phyto sociological region of the West Himalaya. 5. Phyto sociological region of the Eastern Himalaya. 6. Phyto sociological region of North-East India. 7. Phyto sociological region of the Indian Desert. 8. Phyto sociological region of the Semi-Aridzone. 9. Phyto sociological region of the Gangetic plains. 10. Phyto sociological region of the Western Ghats. 11. Phyto sociological region of the Deccan Peninsula. 12. Phyto sociological region of the Indian coasts. 13. Phyto sociological regions of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 14. Phyto sociological region of the Lakshadeep Islands. 15. Aquatic and Wetland vegetation. 16. Weed and Aliens. 17. Taxonomy: a view. 18. Angiosperms. 19. Gymnosperms. 20. Pteriodophytes. 21. Bryophytes. 22. Algae. 23. Ecology and distribution of the marine forms. 24. Fungi. 25. Lichens. 26. Botanical regions of India and their floristic compositions. 27. Some Alien flowering plants. Bibliography. "The depletion of biodiversity is an alarming problem all over the country. The world conservation strategy suggests that the initial effort of biodiversity conservation should aim at establishment and maintenance of a network of protected area systems by making policy changes involving local people in the protected areas management and mobilising financial resources for their conservation and protection. " The problem of biodiversity conservation has become a global issue. It is

Contents: Foreword. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Importance of biodiversity. 3. Ecosystems, environment and biodiversity. 4. Extinction of species and loss. 5. Conservation of biodiversity. 6. General aspects of biodiversity. 7. Action plan for national biodiversity strategy. 8. Gene bank conservation. 9. Information on hot spot. 10. Social biota for biodiversity. 11. Biodiversity and netropical primates. 12. Biodiversity loss and threat. 13. Biodiversity in farming. 14. Nature and natural resources conservation. 15. Plant protection international convention. 16. Biological diversity convention. 17. Natural biological capital of the earth. 18. Conservation of biodiversity in Indian scenario. 19. Conservation biodiversity in future strategies for India. 20. Management of wildland biodiversity. 21. Biodiversity issues impact on diversity. 22. Systematics and biodiversity. 23. Biodiversity for tropical region. 24. Plant species richness and global warming. 25. Diversity in community. 26. Bio-resources protection. 27. Diversity in ecosystem. 28. Systems for renewable energy. 29. Environmental monitoring (bioindicators). 30. Environmental priorities in India. 31. Environmental organizations and agencies. Bibliography. Index. "Natural resources are those gift which are directly from nature. India presents nature in all its splendour. Diversity in physical and climatic condition result in wide range of natural vegetation in different region. In their turn these provide habitat for different species of animals and birds, while rain forests are found in the Andaman, Cactus are found in the Thar Desert. Similarly there are alpine forests in the Himalayas while mangroves are grown in the saline soil of Andamans. "Since the beginning of our civilisation the varied natural features with its flora and fauna have influenced the life and tradition of world and enriched their natural resources. It is always believed in the interrelationship among nature, environment and people. "Therefore, the efforts for conservation of biodiversity and natural resources should be in tune with the processes and its occurrence in space and time from micro level to mega level. The present book is based on numerous materials, reports, and authors own extensive surveys and researches of the nation. The book will be welcomed by all taxonomists, foresters, environmentalists and other decision makers of the nation." (jacket)

Contents Foreword. Preface. Introduction. 1. Natural environment. 2. The world environment scenario. 3. Environment impact assessment. 4. Atmosphere and air pollution. 5. Anthropogenic impact on environment. 6. The environment (protection) bill 1986 a bill. 7. Natural resources. 8. Community ecology and pollution. 9. Pollution. 10. Forest and tribal life. 11. Forest and tribal development. 12. Biodiversity. 13. Biodiversity of threatened species of medicinal plant of India an appraisal. 14. Vegetative propagation. 15. Tree improvement through biotechnology tools. 16. Plant geography of India. 17. Urban land and land cover. 18. Urban sprawl. 19. Glossary. 20. Index. At present it is a fact that changes in our living environment are much rapid than the progress of the human health protection techniques because we know the organism environment relationships only superficially. The rate of environmental changes which is now faster during the life of one generation than previously took place during centuries as well as disturbances in biorhythms are the most dangerous symptoms of changes in ecological relationships. The environment comprises the overall surroundings of any object. In ecology the environment means all factors which affect the survival and reproduction of living organisms. Elements of the environment are (a) building and energy supplying components and (b) regulatory components. Thus the environment comprises material factor whose presence is decisive for survival and development of living organisms (oxygen carbon hydrogen) and factors regulating the living processes e.g. compounds making part of the organism but present in small amounts (including catalysts and inhibitors of metabolic progresses). We hope that this timely publication will give some help to scholars/research scientists to carry their further studies on environment.

This collection of essays takes a fresh look at the contentious themes of democracy, development and security in Pakistan today. Arguing that the three are closely interlinked, the editors posit that the political and economic experience of the past 58 ye 1st ed. 300p.

Biological anthropology can be defined as the scientific study of nature-nature relationship, although each element of this interaction, i.e. nature and nurture, can be holistically studied in itself. Thus there is genetical study of a morphological, anat 1st ed. xiv+538p., 26cm.