Contents Preface. 1. Bioinformatics introduction databases and tools/R. Aparna. 2. Key terms in bioinformatics/R. Aparna. 3. Comparative analysis of bioinformatics tools/Kakollu Karuna Sree and P.P. Mathur. 4. Application of reusability in bioinformatics tools/Kakollu Karuna Sree and P.P. Mathur. 5. Drug discovery/R. Aparna. 6. Drug designing/Shyam S. Mandal. 7. Rational approach to drug designing/R. Aparna. 8. Molecular docking in drug designing/R. Aparna. 9. Structural analysis of the P53 Tumour suppressor protein and their gene sequencing regulations/M. Sarumathi and R. Perumal Samy. 10. SiRNA and RNAi/R. Aparna. 11. Rhizoctonia a database approach I/S. Senthil Kumar S. John Britto and N. Vinotha. 12. Rhizoctonia a similarity approach/S. Senthil Kumar S. John Britto and N. Vinotha. 13. Rhizoctonia a database approach II/S. Senthil Kumar S. John Britto and N. Vinotha. 14. Study of putative homeodomain proteins in a few pathogenic species of Eubacteriae/Kakollu Karuna Sree S. Ramakumar P.P. Mathur and V. Amouda. 15. Drug discovery and design/Y. Jayaprakash Rao. Bioinformatics is a computer based discipline which deals with the acquisition storage management access and processing of data of molecular biosciences and started with the networking of computers and accumulation of data on genes and proteins in biotechnology. It has achieved significant role with the availability of new DNA sequencing protocols and the presence of high memory desktop computers that help in storing and analyzing the data sequences. Today it is paramount importance to whole world in general but particular for developing and under developed countries because of the vast potential by genomic technologies in elaborating the process of drug development. Diagnosing and curing diseases have always been and will continue to be an art. The reason probably will living organism in general and humans in particular are regarded as complex networks of molecular interactions that fuel the processes of life. This molecular circuitry has intended modes of operation that correspond to diseased states. In molecular medicine the goal of diagnosing a disease is to identify its molecular basis i.e. to answer the question what goes wrong in the molecular circuitry. The goal of therapy is to guide the biochemical circuitry back to healthy state. The molecular basis of life is formed by complex bio chemical processes that constantly produce and recycle molecules and do so in highly coordinated and balanced fashion. The molecular basis of a disease lies in modifications of the action of these biochemical pathways.

Contents Preface. 1. Medicinal and aromatic plants of India/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 2. Folklore treatment of some common ailments in Eastern U.P./M. Jaish Beg M.Z. Beg and S.J. Ali. 3. Bryophytes a potential source of Anitmicrobial agents/A. Subramoniam and S. Subhisha. 4. Cultural aspects of conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants/Shyam S. Mandal. 5. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical analysis of Glossocardia Bosvellia Dc/G.V. Gopal B.G. Bharath and R. Geetha. 6. Architectured modified plants in biomedicine delivery/Shyam S. Mandal H.K. Mandal and S.P. Singh. 7. Medicinal plants for urogenital system/G. Baskar Rajan Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. 8. Role of medicinal plants for Gastointestinal tract/G. Baskar Rajan Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. 9. Role of medicinal plants in dentistry/G. Baskar Rajan Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. The history of medicine dates back perhaps to the origin of the human race. In those days the subject of human suffering and its alleviation was intimately associated with religion myth and magic. The organic world is sustained by plants through the fundamental process of photosynthesis. Plants have provided all the basic needs of man ever since his birth and evolution. Plants are the sources of food medicine fuel fibre and others. Plants have been associated with the health of mankind from time immemorial and also the important source of medicines even since the dawn of human civilization. In the past sickness was viewed as a punishment from God and hence was treated with prayers and rituals. India has been a traditional exporter of medicinal plants for the past several decades and ranks as one of the foremost supplier of medicinal plants in the world. The importance of traditional medicine and medicinal plants is slowly gaining ground. Traditional remedies in India not only offer an affordable health care system but also hold immense potential for the international market in this age of patents and intellectual property rights.

Contents Preface. 1. Ethnomedicine and human welfare/B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu and T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi. 2. Herbal remedies for diabetes/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu and S. Prasanthi. 3. Folklore treatment of some common ailments in Eastern U.P./M. Jaish Beg M.Z. Beg and S.J. Ali. 4. Medicinal flora and traditional health care in north western Kashmir Himalayan Valley/Farooq A. Lone. 5. Ethnomedicobotany and human welfare a graphic review and future directions/Gopal Dixit. 6. Ethnomedicinal practices of Muthuvan tribes of Kerala/Johncy Manithottam M.S. Francis and Y.S. Rao. 7. Herbal remedies for treatment of gynaecological morbidity/Ravish Zamir. 8. Medicinal plants in India and their conservation an ethnobotanical approach/G.V. Gopal. 9. Strength and wealth of therapeutic medicinal plants in India/G. Baskar Rajan Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. 10. Tribal medicines in the health care of inhabitants of Adilabad forests of A.P./S. Imam V.C. Gupta and S.J. Hussain. References. Plants are nature's remedies and have been used on the earth for food and medicine since ancient times. There is an herb for every human affliction. Herbal traditions have been passed down and refined with scientific understanding providing information to assist in health maintenance. Today the global movement towards a more natural lifestyle has brought about resurgence of interest in herbs. Herbs glorified in the ancient medicinal science of Ayurveda have a gentle yet powerful effect in enhancing the health and beauty of man. Herbs act on the blood metabolism and all cellular processes including the nervous system. Thus they are capable of bringing the body into harmony and health. Herbs are considered food for the body. They are valuable sources of natural medicine vitamins minerals and phytochemicals that have a remarkable history of curative effects when used under the supervision of an experienced and knowledgeable practitioner are generally safe and do not produce side effects.

Contents Preface. 1. Isolation and characterization of gymnemic acid from Gymnema Sylvestre in control of diabetes/G. Madhava Reddy. 2. Herbal remedies for diabetes/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu and Prasanthi. 3. Ethnomedicinal remedies against diabetes in India a systematic census/D.A. Patil M.V. Patil and Shubhangi Pawar. 4. Diabetes care through herbal medicine/M. Jaish Beg M.Z. Beg S.S. Ali and S.J. Ali. 5. Herbal therapy for curing diabetes/Amla Batra Sujata Mathur Shilpa Rajore Gyan Singh Shekhawat and Sandhya Goyal. 6. Antidiabetic drugs from plants/Keshetty Srisilam and Ciddi Veeresham. 7. Herbal resources available for commonest disease diabetes/Bimal S. Desai and Yogesh T. Jasrai. 8. Standardised phytomedicines for diabetes/A. Subramoniam and V. Babu. 9. In Vitro studies on some plants used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for madhumeya (diabetes)/Usha Mukundan Menka Sharda Madhura Shrotri Sucheta Golwalkar and Rahul Gavhane. 10. Herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes/Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. Appendix List of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diabetes. References. From time immemorial man has been interested in trying to control diseases. The history of medicine thus contributes review of the evolution of man and human knowledge during the 20 century and made medicine more complex. As the world's population is nearing 5 billion with this rate of growth. 3/4 of the world's population cannot afford the products of western pharmaceutical industries. Therefore they have to rely upon the traditional medicines which are derived from plants. Besides food shelter and clothing plants are an important source of fine chemicals which find application in pharmaceuticals. Diabetes a chronic disease once thought to be uncommon in the developing world has now emerged as an important public health problem specially in Asian countries. An estimated 30 million persons in the South East Asian region are effected. It is estimated that by 2025 there will be nearly 80 million diabetics in this region the highest among all the WHO regions. Thus the South East Asian region will bear the maximum global burden of the disease. Sensing the importance and antidiabetic properties of the medicinal plants articles of this book have been compiled to give a clear cut picture on the subject and also help the medical practitioners to keep abreast of the latest developments.

Contents Preface. 1. Development and history of herbalism/D.A. Patil. 2. Herbal therapy for rheumatoid arthritis/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 3. Antidiabetic plants of India/Rizwana Mubeen Sadia Fatima Atiya Khanum Irfan Ali Khan and S.Y. Anwar. 4. Human ageing and the role of medicinal plants/Rashmi Jha Suaib Luqman and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. 5. Medicinal plants used in dermatology/G. Baskar Rajan Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. 6. Ethnobotanical studies in the conservation of plant biodiversity for the sustainable development in Andhra Pradesh/G.V. Gopal and S.P. Kularni. 7. Ethnobotanical drugs from sea weeds/G.V. Gopal and R. Geetha. 8. Wild edible plants of India/Amia Tirkey. 9. Neem and its pharmacological and biological properties/G.V. Gopal. Plants are nature's remedies and have been used on the earth for food and medicine since ancient times and Indian herbs have gathered a fan following world over because of their simple healing powers. There is a herb for every human affliction. Herbal traditions have been passed down and refined with scientific understanding providing information to assist in health maintenance. Today the global movement towards a more natural life style has brought about resurgence of interest in herbs. Herbs glorified in the ancient medicinal science of Ayurveda have a gentle yet powerful effect in enhancing the health and beauty of man. Herbs act on the blood metabolism and all cellular processes including the nervous system. Thus they are capable of bringing the body into harmony and health.

Contents Preface. 1. Phytotherapy for malaria/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 2. Traditional phytocure for leprosy/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Nadu. 3. Phytocure for epilepsy/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Nadu. 4. A brief overview of medicinal plants of India/Nudrat Z. Sayed and Usha Mukundan. 5. Secondary metabolites and medicinal plants/Rahul Gavhane Menka Sharda Ratnaparkhi S and Usha Mukundan. 6. Antimicrobial substances from bryophytes with therapeutic potential/A. Subramoniam and S. Subhisha. 7. Ethnomedical cure for common skin diseases/G.V. Gopal and S.P. Kulkarni. 8. Spices medicine/S.S. Mandal Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. Plants have provided all the basic needs of man ever since his birth and evolution. Plants are the sources of food medicine fuel fibre and others. Plants have been associated with the health of mankind from time immemorial and also the important source of medicines even since the dawn of human civilization. In the past sickness was viewed as a punishment from God and hence was treated with prayers and rituals. India has been a traditional exporter of medicinal plants for the past several decades and ranks as one of the foremost supplier of medicinal plants in the world. The importance of traditional medicine and medicinal plants in slowly gaining ground. Traditional remedies in India not only offer an affordable health care system but also hold immense potential for the international market in this age of patents and intellectual property rights.

Contents Preface. 1. Plants combating aids/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu J. Suneetha and Hari Babu. 2. Human ageing and the role of medicinal plants/Rashmi Jha Suaib Luqman and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. 3. Herbal therapy for rheumatoid arthritis/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 4. Antidiabetic plants of India/Rizwana Mubeen Sadia Fatima Atiya Khanum Irfan Ali Khan and S.Y. Anwar. 5. Alkaloids production in digitalis cell cultures an overview/Zohra F A. Mujib and S. Umar. 6. Ethnoveterinary phytomedicine/Shyam S. Mandal Kuber R. Maurya and Nawalesh K. Sinha. 7. Ethnomedicinal importance of piper species among the Muthuvan tribes of Idukki district Kerala/Johncy Manithottam and M.S. Francis. Plants are nature's remedies and have been used on earth for food and medicine since ancient times and Indian herbs have gathered a fan following world over because of their simple healing powers. There is a herb for every human affliction. Herbal traditions have been passed down and refined with scientific understanding providing information to assist in health maintenance. Today the global movement towards a more natural life style has brought about resurgence of interest in herbs. Herbs glorified in the ancient medicinal science of Ayurveda have a gentle yet powerful effect in enhancing the health and beauty of man. Herbs act on the blood metabolism and all cellular processes including the nervous system. Thus they are capable of bringing the body into harmony and health. Sensing this demand the articles of this book have compiled to help the biologists to keep themselves abreast of the latest developments. This book will cater to the immediate needs of the students researchers faculty members and pharmaceutical industries in India and abroad.

Contents Preface. 1. Medicinal and aromatic plants of India Part I/Nudrat Z. Sayed and Usha Mukundan. 2. Medicinal and aromatic plants of India Part II/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. From time immemorial man has been interested in trying to control diseases. The medicine man and herbolist undertook in various ways to cure man's disease and bring relief to the sick. Herbs are considered food for the body. They are valuable sources of natural medicine vitamins minerals and phytochemicals that have a remarkable history of curative effects when used under the supervision of an experienced and knowledgeable practitioner are generally safe and do not produce side effects. Sensing this demand the articles of this book have compiled to help the biologists and also the herbolist to keep themselves abreast of the latest developments. This book will cater to the immediate needs of the students researchers faculty members and pharmaceutical industries in India and abroad.

Contents Preface. 1. Antidiabetic plants of India part I/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu and S. Prasanthi. 2. Antidiabetic plants of India part II/Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum. 3. Antidiabetic plants of India part III/M. Jaish Beg M.Z. Beg S.S. Ali and S.J. Ali. 4. Antidiabetic plants of India part IV/Rizwana Mubeen Sadia Fatima Atiya Khanum Irfan Ali Khan and S.Y. Anwar. Appendix List of Medicinal Plants used in the treatment of diabetes. Health and disease are coeval with life. From time immemorial man has been interested in trying to control diseases. The medicine man and herbolist undertook in various ways to cure man's disease and bring relief to the sick. One of the chronic world wide heterogeneous life threatening disease is diabetes. The prevalence of it will be 5.4% by the year 2025 with the global diabetic population reaching to 300 million. Among all the WHO regions South East Asian region are highest affected with maximum global burden of the disease and by year 2025 there will be nearly 80 million diabetic in the region. Sensing this demand the articles of this book have compiled to help the biologists to keep themselves abreast of the latest developments. This book will cater to the immediate needs of the students researchers faculty members and pharmaceutical industries in India and abroad.

Contents Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Herbal medicine for human diseases/Anuja Deo and Usha Mukundan. 2. Native phytotherapy for Asthma/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 3. Role of medicinal plants for haemorrhoids/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 4. Phytomedicine for kidney stones/T.V.V. Seetharami Reddi S. Prasanthi and B.V.A. Ramarao Naidu. 5. Herbal therapy for rheumatoid arthritis/Bimal S. Desai Rina B. Desai and Yogesh T. Jasraj. 6. Medicinal plants useful against stomach and digestive complaints/D.A. Patil. 7. An inventory of medicinal plants useful against respiratory complaints/D.A. Patil. 8. Fruits and their medicinal values/Madhavi Adhav. 9. Medicinal plants used in the treatment of various ailments/Amia Tirkey. Plants have been used on the earth for food and medicine since ancient times. There is an herb for every human affliction. Herbal traditions have been passed down and refined with scientific understanding providing information to assist in health maintenance. Today the global movement towards a more natural lifestyle has brought about resurgence of interest in herbs. Herbs glorified in the ancient medicinal science of Ayurveda have a gentle yet powerful effect in enhancing the health and beauty of man. Herbs act on the blood metabolism and all cellular processes including the nervous system. Thus they are capable of bringing the body into harmony and health. Herbs are considered food for the body. They are valuable sources of natural medicine vitamins minerals and phytochemicals that have a remarkable history of curative effects when used under the supervision of an experienced and knowledgeable practitioner are generally safe and do not produce side effects.